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Description

I need a math expert to answer some questions for a math project for me. All work must be original and any references used listed. All the problems are listed below. My budget is $60.

Write a brief essay (suggested length of 2 pages) in which you:

A. In a discussion of association, do the following:

1. Define “association” in statistics.

2. Explain how association is identified and demonstrated.

B. In a discussion of causation, do the following:

1. Define “causation” in statistical analysis.

2. Describe at least two factors that influence relationships between two variables and can lead to misinterpretation of data analysis.

C. In a discussion of ecological correlation, do the following:

1. Explain when it is appropriate to use ecological correlation.

2. Explain what statisticians should be aware of when using ecological correlation.
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Write a brief essay (suggested length of 2 pages) in which you:

A. Define the Law of Large Numbers.

B. Explain the Law of Large Numbers in your own words using a coin toss as an example.

C. Apply the Law of Large Numbers

1. Explain how the following scenario is possible, using a coin toss and fictitious data: As the number of trials increases, the differences between the number of actual and expected successes tends to grow, but the difference between the percentage of actual and expected successes tends to decrease.

Note: See the Attachment for a table that works well to present the information.

2. Answer the following question and explain your answer: Is it true that if I flip a coin 1,000 times I will get heads 500 times?

3. Answer the following question and explain your answer: Is it true that if I get tails 3 times in a row that my chances of getting heads on my next toss is greater than 50%?
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Write a brief essay (suggested length of 2 pages) in which you:

A. Explain why random samples are preferred to nonrandom samples.

B. Describe the method of each of the following commonly used sampling techniques:

• Simple random sampling

• Stratified sampling

• Single-stage cluster sampling

• Multi-stage sampling

C. Describe one advantage of each of the following commonly used sampling techniques:

• Simple random sampling

• Stratified sampling

• Single-stage cluster sampling

• Multi-stage sampling

D. Describe one limitation of each of the following commonly used sampling techniques:

• Simple random sampling

• Stratified sampling

• Single-stage cluster sampling

• Multi-stage sampling

E. If you choose to use outside sources, include all in-text citations and references in APA format.

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A potato chip company packages its potato chips into 12.0 ounce bags. You find it hard to believe that the bag contains enough potato chips to weigh 12.0 ounces and would like to make an official complaint. Before doing so, you decide to run an experiment so that you can have some confidence that the company’s claim is incorrect. Over the next several months you buy 30 bags of potato chips and weigh the contents of each one. You discover that the mean weight is 11.9 ounces with a standard deviation of 0.4 ounces. You decide that you will only complain if you can be 95% sure that the bags do not contain at least 12.0 ounces of potato chips. You decide to construct a hypothesis test.

Task:


A. Determine if this is a one-tailed or two-tailed test. Justify your decision.

B. State the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, including the parameters on both statements. Your null hypothesis should assume the company’s claim is correct.

C. In a discussion of type I errors, do the following:

1. Define the term type I error.

2. Explain what a type I error is in terms of this problem.

D. In a discussion of level of significance, do the following:

1. Define the term level of significance.

2. Identify the level of significance for this problem.

E. Calculate the test statistic as a z-score by using the z-test formula. Show all relevant work.

F. Using a standard table, you determine that the critical value is –1.645.

1. Determine if the test statistic allows you to reject the null hypothesis.

2. Explain how you reached this conclusion, including a comment relating the results to the original problem.

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By using a ruler, you determine that the distance between two cities on a map is 3.4 inches. According to the map’s scale, 2 inches represents 75 miles. What is the actual distance between the two cities?

Task:

Write an essay (suggested length of 1 page) in which you communicate mathematical information in written form. Include the following:

A. Provide a brief paragraph in which you explain the general procedure used to identify and set up a proportion problem.

Note: You should not refer to the problem in the introduction to this task at this point. Discuss proportions in general terms.

B. Solve the problem in the introduction to this task using a proportion by doing the following:

1. Write a proportion that correctly represents the problem. Remember to include the units in the proportion.

2. Use the proportion you wrote in part B to solve the problem, showing all relevant work.

C. Explain the reasoning behind the proportion you set up (e.g., how did you determine the two ratios in the problem, and how do you know if they are equivalent?).

D. Explain (suggested length of 1–2 paragraphs) each step used to solve the proportion. Your explanation should include the original proportion, the equation at each step, and the final equation with the unknown equal to some number. Remember to include the units in your explanation. (Use complete sentences, not mathematical symbols, to explain the steps.)

E. Briefly explain (suggested length of 1–2 sentences) what the answer means in terms of the original problem.
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Additional files submitted:
206.4.1-12_attachment_revised_10_30_08.rtf